Matter Notes
Matter is anything with mass and volume. Everything you can touch, taste, feel and see is matter.
Matter comes in 4 phases. They are: solid, liquid, gas and plasma.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Like your pen or pencil.
Liquids have no definite shape but a definite volume. Water can be poured into many different shapes but it always has a certain volume.
Gases have no definite shape or volume. Air can be placed in a container and will take that shape. BUT, it can also be placed inside a container under pressure and squeezed into that small space (hence, no definite volume).
Plasma is high energy matter...like a gas with its electrons stripped off. A few examples are the sun, a flourscent light and a plasma ball.
As you move from solid-liquid-gas-plasma the amount of energy of the molecules of that matter increases & the particles move more freely. What happens to their energy as you go in the reverse direction?
Phase changes happen when matter changes from one phase to another like melting. Melting is the phase change from a solid to a liquid. You already know many of the other phase changes: freezing, boiling, condensation, evaporation. [Vaporization is a catch all term that refers to evaporation & boiling ( liquid-gas phase change)]. But there is a weird one sublimation- the change from a gas to a solid or solid to a gas w/o entering the liquid phase. An example of sublimation would be dry ice changing from a solid to a gas.
Question: When ice melts does it gain energy or lose energy? What about when a liquid boils? or condenses? or freezes?
All matter has certain properties or characteristics that distinguish it from other matter. These properties can be divided into 2 groups- physical and chemical.
Physical properties are things like color, odor, taste, shape, melting point, boiling point, freezing point, density and solubility.
Density is the amount of matter in an object or how much stuff/molecules are packed into a given volume of matter. For example, steel is denser than water. Think of it this way, if you were to drop a piece of steel into water where would it land. On the bottom, right! It would sink down because it molecules are packed tighter together than water molecules.
The formula for density is Density= mass/ volume.
What is the density of an object with a mass of 10 grams and a volume of 5 mL?
Solubility deals with whether something can dissolve in another thing. If it can be dissolve it is soluble and makes a solution. If it can't it's insoluble.
Solutions have two parts: a solute and a solvent. The solute is the part that gets dissolved/ the part that is the lesser of the two. The solvent is the part that does the dissolving/ the part that is greater of the two. In cola's, what is the solvent? What is the solute?
Chemical properties indicate the ability of matter to undergo a chemical change and include the properties of reactivity, combustibility & flammability( to name the key ones). Wood is flammable and has the ability to catch on fire.
There are also physical and chemical changes in matter.
In a physical change, the matter before the change is the same as the matter after the change. Examples: breaking glass, cutting paper, sawing wood, boiling water, freezing water, making Kool-ade.
NOTE: ALL phase changes are physical changes.
In a chemical change, the matter before the change and the matter after the change are totally different and the process cannot be reversed. Examples: burning wood, mixing baking soda & vinegar, setting off a firecracker.
The law of conservation of matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed but only changed from one form of matter into another. That means that when water boils or evaporates the water doesn't disappear but just changes into another phase of matter.
Matter comes in 4 phases. They are: solid, liquid, gas and plasma.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Like your pen or pencil.
Liquids have no definite shape but a definite volume. Water can be poured into many different shapes but it always has a certain volume.
Gases have no definite shape or volume. Air can be placed in a container and will take that shape. BUT, it can also be placed inside a container under pressure and squeezed into that small space (hence, no definite volume).
Plasma is high energy matter...like a gas with its electrons stripped off. A few examples are the sun, a flourscent light and a plasma ball.
As you move from solid-liquid-gas-plasma the amount of energy of the molecules of that matter increases & the particles move more freely. What happens to their energy as you go in the reverse direction?
Phase changes happen when matter changes from one phase to another like melting. Melting is the phase change from a solid to a liquid. You already know many of the other phase changes: freezing, boiling, condensation, evaporation. [Vaporization is a catch all term that refers to evaporation & boiling ( liquid-gas phase change)]. But there is a weird one sublimation- the change from a gas to a solid or solid to a gas w/o entering the liquid phase. An example of sublimation would be dry ice changing from a solid to a gas.
Question: When ice melts does it gain energy or lose energy? What about when a liquid boils? or condenses? or freezes?
All matter has certain properties or characteristics that distinguish it from other matter. These properties can be divided into 2 groups- physical and chemical.
Physical properties are things like color, odor, taste, shape, melting point, boiling point, freezing point, density and solubility.
Density is the amount of matter in an object or how much stuff/molecules are packed into a given volume of matter. For example, steel is denser than water. Think of it this way, if you were to drop a piece of steel into water where would it land. On the bottom, right! It would sink down because it molecules are packed tighter together than water molecules.
The formula for density is Density= mass/ volume.
What is the density of an object with a mass of 10 grams and a volume of 5 mL?
Solubility deals with whether something can dissolve in another thing. If it can be dissolve it is soluble and makes a solution. If it can't it's insoluble.
Solutions have two parts: a solute and a solvent. The solute is the part that gets dissolved/ the part that is the lesser of the two. The solvent is the part that does the dissolving/ the part that is greater of the two. In cola's, what is the solvent? What is the solute?
Chemical properties indicate the ability of matter to undergo a chemical change and include the properties of reactivity, combustibility & flammability( to name the key ones). Wood is flammable and has the ability to catch on fire.
There are also physical and chemical changes in matter.
In a physical change, the matter before the change is the same as the matter after the change. Examples: breaking glass, cutting paper, sawing wood, boiling water, freezing water, making Kool-ade.
NOTE: ALL phase changes are physical changes.
In a chemical change, the matter before the change and the matter after the change are totally different and the process cannot be reversed. Examples: burning wood, mixing baking soda & vinegar, setting off a firecracker.
The law of conservation of matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed but only changed from one form of matter into another. That means that when water boils or evaporates the water doesn't disappear but just changes into another phase of matter.